Michigan, Michigan State, and the 3 Century Long Roman Conquest of Greece

Submitted by Desmond Was Tripped on October 23rd, 2023 at 6:42 PM

 

War is not football and football is not war, but having done both, sometimes they look similar

 

History is replete with stories of great civilizations pushing towards one another on an unavoidable path towards war’s judgement. Occasionally the two civilizations are at their most powerful, locked in a climactic battle over who will dominate the other. More often than not however, these great civilization conflicts are fought between one burgeoning great power on the road towards glory, and one formerly powerful civilization facing the specter of their own, very real, mortality. 

 

Such was the case in the year 280 BC when Greek citizens living on the Italian peninsula pled for help from their homeland to push back continuing Roman pressure on their borders. Their calls were answered by Pyrrhus, King of Epirus, who put together a collection of Greek mercenary armies and marched towards the boot of Italy to put the upstart Roman Republic back in its place. Pyrrhus brought with him the feared Greek phalanxes, unstoppable spear tipped formations which had won various Greek kings empires, and were more machine than man. Phalanxes could, and had been defeated before, but rarely from a frontal attack. The Romans on the other hand had abandoned their phalanxes and had adopted a more flexible and mobile maniple formation. The flexible maniples were supported by strong Roman shields and swords, which tipped the scales in favor of the Roman infantry. 

Pyrrhus met initial success on the Italian peninsula but eventually the combination of Rome’s deeper reserve of soldiers, and the ease of training them in the maniple formation began to take their toll on the Greek forces. The war would continue for the next five years, until the Greek army was shattered at the Battle of Beneventum, after which Greek Phalanxes would never again threaten Italian soil. 

Mark D'Antony (circa 480BC, or Pyrrhus, whatever, not a historian)

 

For the next three centuries Roman would take apart the lands of Ancient Greece piece by piece. The Romans would destroy the Macedonians in a series of four wars, and seize southern Greece and take Corinth in the Achaean War. One by one the Greek city states fell, as cities which had determined the course of world events for centuries like Sparta and Athens were added to the folds of Rome. 

 

Greek armies continued to fight the Romans as bravely as they could, defending their homes and cities from the invading Latin Romans, but their victories, few and far between as they were, were never enough to push back against Rome’s destiny. 

By 89 BC however, all of what we know today as Greece had fallen to the Romans, and the Republic began to turn its eyes on Greek holdings in Anatolia and the Middle East. The Romans pushed into these conquered lands and met poor facsimiles of the once vaunted phalanxes. Greek armies and their allies still occasionally pulled off the occasional win against the Roman Legions, but more often than not those wins were a result of poor Roman leadership, blind luck, or a surprise attack. These new Greeks were no match for the Romans, and as the Roman victories began to pile up, they became more lopsided than the last. The Greek armies could barely put a functioning army on the field, and as the last sun set on their former empire on the waters of Actium in Egypt, they were no more than bit players in a Roman Civil War. The Greeks would never again rise to the level of prominence they once held in the world, and were stuffed into the locker of things past. 

 

While Michigan and Michigan State are by almost any definition a rivalry, Michigan’s near total dominance over the century old rivalry has been nearly absolute. While Rome-Greece is not a perfect metaphor, the eight game span between 2008 and 2016 saw Michigan State threaten Michigan’s dominance in a way unseen since the 50’s ( a period of time only Craig Ross remembers). Michigan was at its lowest point in half a century, and Michigan State under “early Dantonio” was at its highest. 5 of the 8 years Michigan State was ranked in the Top 25 on game day, and 2 of those years in the top 10. During the dark period Michigan won only one time, 2012 (a game I missed because I was busy in the Samangan Valley). The debacles that were Rich Rod and Hoke culminated in absolute hammerings of Michigan in 2013 and 2014, by margins of victories not seen since 1962. Michigan had its back against a wall, and then the tide began to turn in 2015 as Ann Arbor’s favorite son returned home

 

“clearly to the leader through the murky night appeared a mighty image of his country in distress, grief in her face, her white hair streaming from her tower-crowned head, with tresses torn and shoulders bare…”

 

While the next seven matchups saw Michigan State win over half, their dominance had clearly begun to crack under Michigan’s resurgence and change in tactics. Anyone who was at the 2015 game (including me) knew that Michigan was the better team. Despite having lost by 4 scores the year before, in his first season carrying the banner, Harbaugh had righted the ship and outplayed Michigan State for 59 minutes and 20 seconds. Michigan State won thanks to a bungled play that should never have been run, and Michigan’s defensive captain being ejected in the worst targeting call of all time. 

 

The following seasons saw a less than perfect Michigan team begin pushing the Spartans back into their rightful place. Michigan state still fought back, clutching to their last gasps of dominance, but their wins were almost always more about Michigan’s poor decision making (2017), Covid and Michigan’s poor decision making (2020), and a mercenary, the officials, and again, Michigan’s poor decision making (2021). The Spartan hegemony was cracking, and then in 2022 it shattered. 

 

Michigan State Football is a dumpster fire. They don’t even belong on the same field as Michigan. While the margins of victory in both 2022 and now 2023 have been startling, it has been the way Michigan has clearly dominated an inferior opponent in every aspect of the game. The Spartans of the past are gone. In their place stand ghostly shells of a program that has lost both its identity, and will. That famous Spartan Will that they hold up as their banner has crumbled under the Michigan Difference. The Spartans today seem content to go the same way the Sparta of old went into subjugation, not with a bang but with a whimper. We are at the stage of the rivalry where Michigan has pushed the Greeks from Rome, and are mopping up the last survivors across Asia. Michigan State can barely defend itself, let alone take anything back from Michigan. Only the cruelness of the Big Ten scheduling forces us to keep doing the kabuki year after year, and while Michigan State may win again, and they may some day re-establish themselves as relevant (the Greek resistance to the Italian invasion of 1940 is something to behold and it changed the course of WW2), they will have to wait another half century before they threaten Ann Arbor again. 

 

Vae Victis, Vae Sparta. East Lansing delenda est 

Comments

Blue Vet

October 23rd, 2023 at 7:42 PM ^

Wonderful.

A definite upvote—and another one if I could, for using "pled" rather than the now fashionable, fancier seeming but uglier sounding "pleaded." 

Carpetbagger

October 23rd, 2023 at 9:19 PM ^

Bunch of new words lately. Thinking some high minded folk are out there trying to 'correct' the English language. Which, sure, its a living language, probably the most living in the world, so go for it.

But I'm not dropping the Latin Hippopotami or octopi or half dozen weirdo verb tenses and I'm certainly never decimating a singular object.

grumbler

October 24th, 2023 at 7:56 AM ^

Actually, I believe the proper translation is "it has come down to the Triarii."  For those interested, the Triarii were the third and last line of Roman troops in the older manipular legions, meaning that, if they were engaged, the situation was desperate.  "It has come down to the Triarii" became a more general saying indicating the same "last hope" situation..

BlueHills

October 23rd, 2023 at 9:36 PM ^

I love history and really enjoy these posts, but I'd like to point something out, just for the record:

The Eastern half of the Roman Empire - called, erroneously, 'Byzantine' but they called themselves Romanoi because they were Romans, though they spoke Greek - lasted until 1452, when Constantinople fell to the Turks.

They were governed by Roman law (and Eastern Roman emperor Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis  still underpins of much of European law). But I digress.

After the year 1071 AD, almost all the Eastern Roman emperors were Greek starting with Michael VII Doukas, after which the Komnenos, Agelos, Kaskaris, and Paleologos dynasties were all Greek.

So it took them a long time to get there, but for nearly 400 years the Romans were ruled by Greeks. 

You have to take the long view on these things. Just sayin!

Carpetbagger

October 24th, 2023 at 11:39 AM ^

It's generally assumed the fall of Constantinople spurred the Age of Exploration due to the Ottomans shutting off/cornering trade to the East. It's not an accident Columbus was Italian.

First they tried to go around Africa the long way, then West.

So although I can vividly imagine a "Roman" Empire founded in the Americas, the cause and effect would be backwards.

BlueHills

October 24th, 2023 at 5:01 PM ^

I agree. After the fall of Constantinople in 1452, Western Europeans were paying more for one nutmeg than its weight in gold by Columbus' time, and pepper was also very difficult to come by -- the Ottomans had cut off the spice trade with the Venetians, who were the principal trading partners of the Eastern Romans (though it was restored much later). 

Within a generation, there was a desperate search on for alternate routes to the spices of the East Indies, and Columbus was definitely on a 'get rich quick' mission, not an exploration for the sake of science.

There was a direct, causal relationship between the fall of Constantinople and the discovery of the Americas.

jmblue

October 24th, 2023 at 9:27 PM ^

 

It's generally assumed the fall of Constantinople spurred the Age of Exploration due to the Ottomans shutting off/cornering trade to the East.

Eh, I think it's overrated as a geopolitical event.  Ever since the civil war of the 1350s, the Roman Empire had been a rump state and effectively a tributary of the Ottomans.  The fall of Constantinople was a huge symbolic event, as the city had been the capital of the empire (and of Eastern Christianity) for over a millennium, but by 1453 its population had collapsed and it had next to no influence on the trade of the eastern Mediterranean. (Also, by this time the Portuguese had been exploring for decades already.)

Ezeh-E

October 25th, 2023 at 12:57 PM ^

Mine as well. Haven't been in too long, but really used to enjoy stopping by Mochlos for a few days. 100 person town on north coast about 2/3 the way east. About a 200 meter swim to an island that was inhabited by the Minoans, with an archaelogical dig there having revealed their walls. Gorgeous view with nearby beach. And you can swim over Roman fish tanks. On calm days the water is a hot tub for the first 1.5 ft and then freezing cold underneath. Beautiful.

treetown

October 24th, 2023 at 10:36 AM ^

In the fifth century B.C. Sparta allowed visitors only short, rigidly supervised tours of its sights and restricted the travel of its own citizens. By Roman times, however, Sparta had become a sort of “theme park,” a must-see on every tourist’s list, where Old Sparta’s myths, legendary austerity, and harsh discipline were glorified. Gullible tourists could view Leda’s Egg (out of which Helen of Troy hatched; sophisticated travelers dismissed the large beribboned egg as that of an ostrich). Those familiar with the verses of the popular Roman poet Ovid probably hoped to see beautiful Spartan women wrestling in the nude, but they had to settle for statues of clothed female runners or women warriors brandishing swords. Tourists could watch endurance contests in which stoic Spartan teenagers were flogged, in the theater built by Roman entrepreneurs to accommodate hundreds of spectators. Or they could witness puppy sacrifices, exciting boar hunts, and brutal mock battles; visit the cave where criminals were confined, the altar where human sacrifices took place, and the notorious gorge where weak children were left to die. They could admire “vicious Laconian hounds” paraded on leashes; and wander through the impressive “victory” colonnade displaying Persian spoils and columns in the forms of chained captives.

 

 FLYING SNAKES AND GRIFFIN CLAWS: And Other Classical Myths, Historical Oddities, and Scientific Curiosities by Adrienne Mayor. Copyright © 2022 by Princeton University Press